Indian Forest Service Exam Syllabus 2009 - Chemsitry
Chemistry Syllabus for Indian Forest Service Examination 2009
PAPER-I
1. Atomic structure
Quantum
theory, Heisenberg's uncertainity principle, Schrodinger wave equation
(time independent). Interpretation of wave function, particle in
one-dimensional box, quantum numbers, hydrogen atom wave functions.
Shapes of s, p and d orbitals.
2. Chemical Bonding
Ionic
bond, characteristics of ionic compounds, factors affecting stability
of ionic compounds, lattice energy, Born-Haber cycle; covalent bond and
its general characteristics, polarities of bonds in molecules and their
dipole moments. Valence bond theory, concept of resonance and resonance
energy. Molecular orbital theory (LCAO method); bonding in homonuclear
molecules: H+2, H2 to Ne2, NO, CO, HF, CN, CN-, BeH2 and CO2.
Comparision of valence bond and molecular oribtal theories, bond order,
bond strength and bond length.
3. Solid State
Forms
of solids, law of constancy of interfacial angles, crystal systems and
crystal classes (crystallographic groups). Designation of crystal
faces, lattice structures and unit cell. Laws of rational indices.
Bragg's law. X-ray diffraction by crystals. Close packing, radious
ratio rules, calculation of some limiting radius ratio values.
Structures of NaCl, ZnS, CsCl, CaF2, CdI2 and rutile. Imperfections in
crystals, stoichiometric and nonstoichiometric defects, impurity
defects, semi-conductors. Elementary study of liquid crystals.
4. The gaseous state
Equation
of state for real gases, intermolecular interactions, liquifictaion of
gases and critical phenomena, Maxwell's distribution of speeds,
intermolecular collisions, collisions on the wall and effusion.
5. Thermodynamics and statistical thermodynamics
Thermodynamic
systems, states and processes, work, heat and internal energy; first
law of thermodynamics, work done on the systems and heat absorbed in
different types of processes; calorimetry, energy and enthalpy changes
in various processes and their temperature dependence.
Second
law of thermodynamics; entropy as a state function, entropy changes in
various process, entropy�reversibility and irreversibility, Free energy
functions; criteria for equilibrium, relation between equilibrium
constant and thermodynamic quantities; Nernst heat theorem and third
law of thermodynamics.
Micro and macro
states; canonical ensemble and canonical partition function;
electronic, rotational and vibrational partition functions and
thermodynamic quantities; chemical equilibrium in ideal gas reactions.
6. Phase equilibria and solutions
Phase
equilibria in pure substances; Clausius-Clapeyron equation; phase
diagram for a pure substance; phase equilibria in binary systems,
partially miscible liquids�upper and lower critical solution
temperatures; partial molar quantities, their significance and
determination; excess thermodynamic functions and their determination.
7. Electrochemistry
Debye-Huckel theory of strong electrolytes and Debye-Huckel limiting Law for various equilibrium and transport properties.
Galvanic
cells, concentration cells; electrochemical series, measurement of
e.m.f. of cells and its applications fuel cells and batteries.
Processes
at electrodes; double layer at the interface; rate of charge transfer,
current density; overpotential; electroanalytical
techniques�voltametry, polarography, amperometry, cyclic-voltametry,
ion selective electrodes and their use.
8. Chemical Kinetics
Concentration
dependence of rate of reaction; defferential and integral rate
equations for zeroth, first, second and fractional order reactions.
Rate equations involving reverse, parallel, consecutive and chain
reactions; effect of temperature and pressure on rate constant. Study
of fast reactions by stop-flow and relaxation methods. Collisions and
transition state theories.
9. Photochemistry
Absorption
of light; decay of excited state by different routes; photochemical
reactions between hydrogen and halogens and their quantum yields.
10. Surface phenomena and catalysis
Adsorption
from gages and solutions on solid adsorbents, adsorption
isotherms�Langmuir and B.E.T. isotherms; determination of surface area,
characteristics and mechanism of reaction on heterogeneous catalysts.
11. Bio-inorganic chemistry
Metal
ions in biological systems and their role in ion-transport across the
membranes (molecular mechanism), ionophores, photosynthesis�PSI, PSII;
nitrogen fixation, oxygen-uptake proteins, cytochromes and ferredoxins.
12. Coordination chemistry
Electronic
configurations; introduction to theories of bonding in transition metal
complexes. Valence bond theory, crystal field theory and its
modifications; applications of theories in the explanation of magnetism
and electronic spactra of metal complexes.
Isomerism
in coordination compounds. IUPAC nomenclature of coordination
compounds; stereochemistry of complexes with 4 and 6 coordination
numbers; chelate effect and polynuclear complexes; trans effect and its
theories; kinetics of substitution reactions in square-planer
complexes; thermodynamic and kinetic stability of complexes.
Synthesis and structures of metal carbonyls; carboxylate anions, carbonyl hydrides and metal nitrosyl compounds.
Complexes
with aromatic systems, synthesis, structure and bonding in metal olefin
complexes, alkyne complexes and cyclopentadienyl complexes;
coordinative unsaturation, oxidative addition reactions, insertion
reactions, fluxional molecules and their characterization. Compounds
with metal-metal bonds and metal atom clusters.
13. General chemistry of �f� block elements
Lanthanides and actinides; separation, oxidation states, magnetic and spectral properties; lanthanide contraction.
14. Non-Aqueous Solvents
Reactions
in liquid NH3, HF, SO2 and H2 SO4. Failure of solvent system concept,
coordination model of non-aqueous solvents. Some highly acidic media,
fluorosulphuric acid and super acids.
Paper II
1. Delocalised Covalent Bonding: Aromaticity, anti-aromaticity; annulenes, azulenes, tropolones, kekulene, fulvenes, sydnones.
Reaction mechanisms :
General methods (both kinetic and non-kinetic) of study of mechanism or
organic reactions illustrated by examples�use of isotopes, cross-over
experiment, intermediate trapping, stereochemistry; energy diagrams of
simple organic reactions�transition states and intermediates; energy of
activation; thermodynamic control and kinetic control of reactions.
Reactive intermediates :
Generation, geometry, stability and reactions of carbonium and
carbanium ions, carbanions, free radicals, carbenes, benzynes and
niternes.
Substitution reactions :
SN1, SN2, SNi, SN1�, SN2�, SNi� and SRN1 mechanisms; neighbouring group
participation; electrophilic and nucleophilic reactions of aromatic
compound including simple heterocyclic compounds�pyrrole, thiophene,
indole.
Elimination reactions :
E1, E2 and E1cb mechanisms; orientation in E2 reactions�Saytzeff and
Hoffmann; pyrolytic syn elimination�acetate pyrolysis, Chugaev and Cope
eliminations.
Addition reactions : Electrophilic addition to C=C and C=C; nucleophilic addition to C=O, C=N, conjugated olefins and carbonyls.
Rearrangements :
Pinacol-pinacolune, Hoffmann, Beckmann, Baeyer�Villiger, Favorskii,
Fries, Claisen, Cope, Stevens and Wagner-Meerwein rearrangements.
3. Pericyclic reactions:
Classification and examples; Woodward-Hoffmann rules�clectrocyclic
reactions, cycloaddition reactions [2+2 and 4+2] and sigmatropic shifts
[1, 3; 3, 3 and 1, 5] FMO approach.
4. Chemistry and mechanism of reactions :
Aldol condensation (including directed aldol condensation), Claisen
condensation, Dieckmann, Perkin, Knoevenagel, Witting, Clemmensen,
Wolff-Kishner, Cannizzaro and von Richter reactions; Stobbe, benzoin
and acyloin condensations; Fischer indole synthesis, Skraup synthesis,
Bischler-Napieralski, Sandmeyer, Reimer-Tiemann and Reformatsky
reactions.
5. Polymeric Systems
Physical chemistry of polymers :
Polymer solutions and their thermodynamic properties; number and weight
average molecular weights of polymers. Determination of molecular
weights by sedimentation, light scattering, osmotic pressure,
viscosity, end group analysis methods.
Preparation and properties of polymers :
Organic polymers�polyethylene, polystyrene, polyvinyl chloride, Teflon,
nylon, terylene, synthetic and natural rubber. Inorganic
polymers�phosphonitrilic halides, borazines, silicones and silicates.
Biopolymers : Basic bonding in proteins, DNA and RNA.
6. Synthetic uses of reagents: OsO4, HIO4, CrO3, Pb(OAc)4, SeO2, NBS, B2H6, Na-Liquid NH3, LiAlH4, NaBH4 n-BuLi, MCPBA.
7. Photochemistry :
Photochemical reactions of simple organic compounds, excited and ground
states, singlet and triplet states, Norrish-Type I and Type II
reactions.
8. Principles of spectroscopy and applications in structure elucidation
Rotational spectra�diatomic molecules; isotopic substitution and rotational constants.
Vibrational
spectra�diatomic molecules, linear triatomic molecules, specific
frequencies of functional groups in polyatomic molecules.
Electronic Spectra:
Singlet and triplet states. N�>* and �>* transitions; application
to conjugated double bonds and conjugated carbonyls�Woodward-Fieser
rules.
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance:
Isochronous and anisochronous protons; chemical shift and coupling
constants; Application of 1H NMR to simple organic molecules.
Mass Spectra:
Parent peak, base peak, daugther peak, metastable peak, fragmentation
of simple organic molecules;� cleavage, McLafferty rearrangement.
Electron Spin Resonance: Inorganic complexes and free radicals.
IFS Exam Syllabus 2009 - Civil Engineering Page 2
Civil Engineering Syllabus for Indian Forest Service Examination 2009
Paper-I
Part-A : Engineering Mechanics, Strength of Materials and Structural Analysis.
Engineering Mechanics :
Units
and Dimensions, SI Units, Vectors, Concept of Force, Concept of
particle and rigid body. Concurrent, Non Concurrent and parallel forces
in a plane, moment of force and Varignon�s theorem, free body diagram,
conditions of equilibrium, Principle of virtual work, equivalent force
system.
First and Second Moment of area, Mass moment of Inertia.
Static Friction, Inclined Plane and bearings.
Kinematics and Kinetics :
Kinematics
in Cartesian and Polar Co-ordinates, motion under uniform and
nonuniform acceleration, motion under gravity. Kinetics of particle :
Momentum and Energy principles, D� Alembert�s Principle, Collision of
elastic bodies, rotation of rigid bodies, simple harmonic motion,
Flywheel.
Strength of Materials :
Simple
Stress and Strain, Elastic constants, axially loaded compression
members, Shear force and bending moment, theory of simple bending,
Shear Stress distribution across cross sections, Beams of uniform
strength, Leaf spring. Strain Energy in direct stress, bending &
shear.
Deflection of beams : Mecaulay�s
method, Mohr�s Moment area method, Conjugate beam method, unit load
method. Torsion of Shafts, Transmission of power, close coiled helical
springs, Elastic stability of columns, Euler�s Rankine�s and Secant
formulae. Principal Stresses and Strains in two dimensions, Mohr�s
Circle, Theories of Elastic Failure, Thin and Thick cylinder : Stresses
due to internal and external pressure�Lame�s equations.
Structural Analysis :
Castiglianio�s
theorems I and II, unit load method, method of consistent deformation
applied to beams and pin jointed trusses. Slope-deflection, moment
distribution, Kani�s method of analysis and column Analogy method
applied to indeterminate beams and rigid frames.
Rolling
loads and Influences lines : Influences lines for Shear Force and
Bending moment at a section of a beam. Criteria for maximum shear force
and bending Moment in beams traversed by a system of moving loads.
Influences lines for simply supported plane pin jointed trusses.
Arches : Three hinged, two hinged and fixed arches, rib shortening and temperature effects, influence lines in arches.
Matrix methods of analysis : Force method and displacement method of analysis of indeterminate beams and rigid frames.
Plastic Analysis of beams and frames : Theory of plastic bending, plastic analysis, statical method, Mechanism method.
Unsymmetrical bending : Moment of inertia, product of inertia, position of Neutral Axis and Principle axes, calculation of bending stresses.
Part�B :
Design of Structures : Steel, Concrete and Masonry Structures.
Structural Steel Design :
Structural Steel :
Factors of safety and load factors. Rivetted, bolted and welded joints
and connections. Design of tension and compression members, beams of
built up section, rivetted and welded plate girders, gantry girders,
stancheons with battens and lacings, slab and gussetted column bases.
Design of highway and railway bridges : Through and deck type plate girder, Warren girder, Pratt truss.
Design of Concrete and Masonry Structures :
Concept of mix design. Reinforced Concrete :
Working Stress and Limit State method of design�Recommendations of I.S.
codes design of one way and two way slabs, stair-case slabs, simple and
continuous beams of rectangular, T and L sections. Compression members
under direct load with or without eccentricity, Isolated and combined
footings.
Cantilever and Counterfort type retaining walls.
Water tanks : Design requirements for Rectangular and circular tanks resting on ground.
Prestressed concrete :
Methods and systems of prestressing, anchorages, Analysis and design of
sections for flexure based on working stress, loss of prestress.
Design of brick masonry as per I.S. Codes
Design of masonry retaining walls.
Part-C : Fluid Mechanics, Open Channel Flow and Hydraulic Machines
Fluid Mechanics : Fluid properties and their role in fluid motion, fluid statics including forces acting on plane and curve surfaces.
Kinematics and Dynamics of Fluid flow :
Velocity and accelerations, stream lines, equation of continuity,
irrotational and rotational flow, velocity potential and stream
functions, flownet, methods of drawing flownet, sources and sinks, flow
separation, free and forced vortices.
Control
volume equation, continuity, momentum, energy and moment of momentum
equations from control volume equation, Navier-Stokes equation, Euler�s
equation of motion, application to fluid flow problems, pipe flow,
plane, curved, stationary and moving vanes, sluice gates, weirs,
orifice meters and Venturi meters.
Dimensional Analysis and Similitude : Buckingham�s Pi-theorem, dimensionless parameters, similitude theory, model laws, undistorted and distorted models.
Laminar Flow : Laminar flow between parallel, stationary and moving plates, flow through tube.
Boundary layer : Laminar and turbulent boundary layer on a flat plate, laminar sublayer, smooth and rough boundaries, drag and lift.
Turbulent flow through pipes :
Characteristics of turbulent flow, velocity distribution and variation
of pipe friction factor, hydraulic grade line and total energy line,
siphons, expansion and contractions in pipes, pipe networks, water
hammer in pipes and surge tanks.
Open channel flow :
Uniform and non-uniform flows, momentum and energy correction factors,
specific energy and specific force, critical depth, resistance
equations and variation of roughness coefficient, rapidly varied flow,
flow in contractions, flow at sudden drop, hydraulic jump and its
applications surges and waves, gradually varied flow, classification of
surface profiles, control section, step method of integration of varied
flow equation, moving surges and hydraulic bore.
Hydraulic Machines and Hydropower :
Centrifugal pumps�Types, characteristics, Net Positive Suction Height (NPSH), specific speed. Pumps in parallel.
Reciprocating
pumps, Airvessels, Hydraulic ram, efficiency parameters, Rotary and
positive displacement pumps, diaphragm and jet pumps.
Hydraulic turbines, types classification, Choice of turbines, performance parameters, controls, characteristics, specific speed.
Principles
of hydropower development. Type, layouts and Component works. Surge
tanks, types and choice. Flow duration curves and dependable flow.
Storage an pondage. Pumped storage plants. Special features of mini,
micro-hydel plants.
Part-D : Geo Technical Engineering
Types
of soil, phase relationships, consistency limits particles size
distribution, classifications of soil, structure and clay mineralogy.
Capillary
water and structural water, effective stress and pore water pressure,
Darcy�s Law, factors affecting permeability, determination of
permeability, permeability of stratified soil deposits.
Seepage
pressure, quick sand condition, compressibility and consolidation,
Terzaghi�s theory of one dimensional consolidation, consolidation test.
Compaction of soil, field control of compaction. Total stress and effective stress parameters, pore pressure coefficients.
Shear strength of soils, Mohr Coulomb failure theory, Shear tests.
Earth
pressure at rest, acive and passive pressures, Rankine�s theory,
Coulomb�s wedge theory, earth pressure on retaining wall, sheetpile
walls, Braced excavation.
Bearing capacity, Terzaghi and other important theories, net and gross bearing pressure.
Immediate and consolidation settlement.
Stability of slope, Total Stress and Effective Stress methods, Conventional methods of slices, stability number.
Subsurface exploration, methods of boring, sampling, penetration tests, pressure meter tests.
Essential
features of foundation, types of foundation, design criteria, choice of
type of foundation, stress distribution in soils, Boussinessq�s theory,
Newmarks�s chart, pressure bulb, contact pressure, applicability of
different bearing capacity theories, evaluation of bearing capacity
from field tests, allowable bearing capacity, Settlement analysis,
allowable settlement.
Proportioning of
footing, isolated and combined footings, rafts, buoyancy rafts, Pile
foundation, types of piles, pile capacity, static and dynamic analysis,
design of pile groups, pile load test, settlement of piles, lateral
capacity. Foundation for Bridges. Ground improvement
techniques�preloading, sand drains, stone column, grouting, soil
stabilisation.
Indian Forest Service Exam Syllabus 2009 - Civil Engineering Page 1
Part-A : Construction Technology, Equipment, Planning and Management
1. Construction Technology :
Engineering Materiels :
Physical properties of construction materials :
Stones, Bricks and Tiles; Lime, Cement and Surkhi Mortars; Lime
Concrete and Cement Concrete, Properties of freshly mixed and hardened
concrete, Flooring Tiles, use of ferro-cement, fibre-reinforced and
polymer concrete, high strength concrete and light weight concrete.
Timber : Properties and uses; defects in timber; seasoning and
preservation of timber. Plastics, rubber and damp-proofing materials,
termite proofing, Materials, for Low cost housing.
Construction :
Building
components and their functions; Brick masonry : Bonds, jointing. Stone
masonry. Design of Brick masonry walls as per I.S. codes, factors of
safety, serviceability and strength requirements; plastering, pointing.
Types of Floors & Roofs. Ventilators, Repairs in buildings.
Functional
planning of building : Building orientation, circulation, grouping of
areas, privacy concept and design of energy efficient building;
provisions of National Building Code.
Building estimates and specifications; Cost of works; valuation.
2. Construction Equipment :
Standard
and special types of equipment, Preventive maintenance and repair,
factors affecting the selection of equipment, economical life, time and
motion study, capital and maintenance cost.
Concreting equipments : Weigh batcher, mixer, vibration, batching plant, Concrete pump.
Earth-work equipment : Power shovel hoe, bulldozer, dumper, trailors, and tractors, rollers, sheep foot roller.
3. Construction Planning and Management :
Construction activity, schedules, job layout, bar charts, organization
of contracting firms, project control and supervision. Cost reduction
measures.
Newwork analysis :
CPM and PERT analysis, Float Times, cashing of activities, contraction
of network for cost optimization, up dating, Cost analysis and resource
allocation.
Elements of Engineering
Economics, methods of appraisal, present worth, annual cost,
benefit-cost, incremental analysis. Economy of scale and size. Choosing
between alternatives including levels of investments. Project
profitability.
Part-B : Survey and Transportation Engineering
Survey :
Common methods of distance and angle measurements, plane table survey,
levelling traverse survey, triangulation survey, corrections, and
adjustments, contouring, topographical map. Surveying instruments for
above purposes. Tacheometry. Circular and transition curves. Principles
of photogrammetry.
Railways :
Permanent way, sleepers, rail fastenings, ballast, points and
crossings, design of turn outs, stations and yards, turntables,
signals, and interlocking, level-crossing. Construction and maintenance
of permanent ways : Superelevation, creep of rail, ruling gradient,
track resistance, tractive effort, relaying of track.
Highway Engineering :
Principles of highway planning, Highway alignments. Geometrical design
: Cross section, camber, superelevation, horizontal and vertical
curves. Classification of roads : low cost roads, flexible pavements,
rigid pavements. Design of pavements and their construction, evaluation
of pavement failure and strengthening.
Drainage of roads : Surface and sub-surface drainage.
Traffic Engineering :
Forecasting techniques, origin and destination survey, highway
capacity. Channelised and unchannelised intersections, rotary design
elements, markings, sign, signals, street lighting; Traffic surveys.
Principle of highway financing.
Part-c : Hydrology, Water Resources and Engineering :
Hydrology :
Hydrological cycle, precipitation, evaporation, transpiration,
depression storage, infiltration, overland flow, hydrograph, flood
frequency analysis, flood estimation, flood routing through a
reservoir, channel flow routing-Muskingam method.
Ground water flow :
Specific yield, storage coefficient, coefficient of permeability,
confined and unconfined aquifers, aquitards, radial flow into a well
under confined and unconfined conditions, tube wells, pumping and
recuperation tests, ground water potential.
Water Resources Engineering :
Ground and surface water resource, single and multipurpose projects,
storage capacity of reservoirs, reservoir losses, reservoir
sedimentation, economics of water resources projects.
Irrigation Engineering :
Water requirements of crops : consumptive use, quality of water for
irrigation, duty and delta, irrigation methods and their efficiencies.
Canals :
Distribution systems for canal irrigation, canal capacity, canal
losses, alignment of main and distributory canals, most efficient
section, lined canals, their design, regime theory, critical shear
stress, bed load, local and suspended load transport, cost analysis of
lined and unlined canals, drainage behind lining.
Water logging : causes and control, drainage system design, salinity.
Canal structures : Design of cross regulators, head regulators, canal falls, aqueducts, metering flumes and canal outlets.
Diversion head work :
Principles and design of weirs of permeable and impermeable foundation,
Khosla�s theory, energy dissipation, stilling basin, sediment excluders.
Storage works :
Types of dams, design, principles of rigid gravity and earth dams,
stability analysis, foundation treatment, joints and galleries, control
of seepage.
Spillways : Spillway types, crest gates, energy dissipation.
River training : Objectives of river training, methods of river training.
Part-D : Environmental Engineering
Water Supply :
Estimation of surface and subsurface water resources, predicting demand
for water, impurities, of water and their significance, physical,
chemical and bacteriological analysis, waterborne diseases, standards
for potable water.
Intake of water :
pumping and gravity schemes. Water treatment : principles of
coagulation, flocculation and sedimentation; slow-; rapid-, pressure-,
filters; chlorination, softening, removal of taste, odour and salinity.
Water storage and distribution :
storage and balancing reservoirs : types, location and capacity.
Distribution system : layout, hydraulics of pipe lines, pipe fittings,
valves including check and pressure reducing valves, meters, analysis
of distribution systems, leak detection, maintenance of distribution
systems, pumping stations and their operations.
systems :
Domestic and industrial wastes, storm sewage�separate and combined
systems, flow through sewers, design of sewers, sewer appurtenances,
manholes, inlets, junctions, siphon. Plumbing in public buildings.
characterisation : BOD, COD, solids, dissolved oxygen, nitrogen and TOC. Standards of disposal in normal water course and on land.
Sewage treatment :
Working principles, units, chambers, sedimentation tanks, trickling
filters, oxidation ponds, activated sludge process, septic tank,
disposal of sludge, recycling of waste water.
Solid waste : collection and disposal in rural and urban contexts, management of long-term ill-effects.
Environmental pollution:
Sustainable development. Radioactive wastes and disposal. Environmental
impact assessment for thermal power plants, mines, river valley
projects. Air pollution. Pollution control acts.
Indian Forest Service Exam Syllabus 2009 - Forestry
PAPER-I
Section A
1. Silviculture - General:
General Silvicultural Principles:
ecological and physiological factors influencing vegetation, natural
and artificial regeneration of forests; methods of propagation,
grafting techniques; site factors; nursery and planting
techniques-nursery beds, polybags and maintenance, water budgeting,
grading and hardening of seedlings; special approaches; establishment
and tending.
2. Silviculture - Systems:
Clear felling, uniform shelter wood selection, coppice and conversion
systems. Management of silviculture systems of temperate, subtropical,
humid tropical, dry tropical and coastal tropical forests with special
reference to plantation silviculture, choice of species, establishment
and management of standards, enrichment methods, technical constraints,
intensive mechanized methods, aerial seeding thinning.
3. Silviculture - Mangrove and Cold desert:
Mangrove:
habitat and characteristics, mangrove, plantation-establishment and
rehabilitation of degraded mangrove formations; silvicultural systems
for mangrove; protection of habitats against natural disasters.
Cold desert: Characteristics, identification and management of species.
4. Silviculture of Trees:
Traditional and recent advances in tropical silvicultural research and
practices. Silviculture of some of the economically important species
in India such as Acacia catechu, Acacia nilotica, Acacia
auriculiformis, Albizzia lebbeck, Albizzia procera, Anthocephalus
Cadamba, Anogeissus latifolia, Azadirachta indica, Bamboo spp, Butea
monosperma, Cassia siamea, Casuarina equisetifolia, Cedrus deodara,
Chukrasia tabularis, Dalbergia sisoo, Dipterocarpus spp., Emblica
officindils, Eucalyptus spp, Gmelina Arborea, Hardwickia binata,
Largerstroemia Lanceolata, Pinus roxburghi, Populus spp, Pterocarpus
marsupium, Prosopis juliflora, Santalum album, Semecarpus anacardium,.
Shorea robusta, Salmalia malabaricum, Tectona grandis, Terminalis
tomemtosa, Tamarindus indica.
Section B
1. Agroforestry, Social Forestry, Joint Forest Management and Tribology :
Agroforestry:
scope and necessity; role in the life of people and domestic animals
and in integrated land use, planning especially related to (i) soil and
water conservation; (ii) water recharge; (iii) nutrient availability to
crops; (iv) nature and eco-system preservation including ecological
blances through pest-predator relationships and (v) providing
opportunities for enhancing bio-diversity, medicinal and other flora
and fauna. Agro forestry systems under different agro-ecological zones;
selection of species and role of multipurpose trees and NTFPs,
techniques, food, fodder and fuel security. Research and Extension
needs.
Social/Urban Forestry : objectives, scope and necessity; peoples participation.
JFM: principles, objectives, methodology, scope, benefits and role of NGOs.
Tribology:
tribal scene in India; tribes, concept of races, principles of social
grouping, stages of tribal economy, education, cultural tradition,
customs, ethos and participation in forestry programmes.
2. Forest Soils, Soil Conservation and Watershed management:
Forests Soils: classification, factors affecting soil formation; physical, chemical and biological properties.
Soil conservation:
definition, causes for erosion; types - wind and water erosion;
conservation and management of eroded soils/areas, wind breaks, shelter
belts; sand dunes; reclamation of saline and alkaline soils, water
logged and other waste lands. Role of forests in conserving soils.
Maintenance and build up of soil organic matter, provision of loppings
for green leaf manuring; forest leaf litter and composting; Role of
microorganisms in ameliorating soils; N and C cycles, VAM.
Watershed Management:
concepts of watershed; role of mini-forests and forest trees in overall
resource management, forest hydrology, watershed development in respect
of torrent control, river channel stabilization, avalanche and
landslide controls, rehabilitation of degraded areas; hilly and
mountain areas; watershed management and environmental functions of
forests; water-harvesting and conservation; ground water recharge and
watershed management; role of integrating forest trees, horticultural
crops, field crops, grass and fodders.
3. Environmental Conservation and Biodiversity :
Environment:
components and importance, principles of conservation, impact of
deforestation; forest fires and various human activities like mining,
construction and developmental projects, population growth on
environment.
Pollution:
types, global warming, green house effects, ozone layer depletion, acid
rain, impact and control measures, environmental monitoring; concept of
sustainable development. Role of trees and forests in environmental
conservation; control and prevention of air, water and noise pollution.
Environmental policy and legislation in India. Environmental Impact
Assessment. Economics assessment of watershed development vis-a-vis
ecological and environmental protection.
4. Tree Improvement and Seed Technology:
General
concept of tree improvement, methods and techniques, variation and its
use, provenance, seed source, exotics; quantitative aspects of forest
tree improvement, seed production and seed orchards, progeny tests, use
of tree improvement in natural forest and stand improvement, genetic
testing programming, selection and breeding for resistance to diseases,
insects, and adverse environment; the genetic base, forest genetic
resources and gene conservation in situ and ex-situ. Cost benefit
ratio, economic evaluation.
PAPER II - Section A
1. Forest Management and Management Systems:
Objective and principles; techniques; stand structure and dynamics,
sustained yield relation; rotation, normal forest, growing stock;
regulation of yield; management of forest plantations, commercial
forests, forest cover monitoring. Approaches viz., (i) site-specific
planning, (ii) strategic planning, (iii) Approval, sanction and
expenditure, (iv) Monitoring (v) Reporting and governance. Details of
steps involved such as formation of Village Forest Committees, Joint
Forest Participatory Management.
2. Forest Working Plan:
Forest planning, evaluation and monitoring tools and approaches for
integrated planning; multipurpose development of forest resources and
forest industries development; working plans and working schemes, their
role in nature conservation, bio-diversity and other dimensions;
preparation and control. Divisional Working Plans, Annual Plan of
Operations.
3. Forest Mensuration and Remote Sensing:
Methods of measuring - diameter, girth, height and volume of trees;
form-factor; volume estimation of stand, current anuual increment; mean
annual increment. Sampling methods and sample plots. Yield calculation;
yield and stand tables, forest cover monitoring through remote sensing;
Geographic Information Systems for management and modelling.
4. Surveying and Forest Engineering:
Forest surveying - different methods of surveying, maps and map
reading. Basic principles of forest engineering. Building materials and
construction. Roads and Bridges; General principles, objects, types,
simple design and construction of timber bridges.
PAPER II - Section B
1. Forest Ecology and Ethnobotany :
Forest
ecology - Biotic and aboitic components, forest eco-systems; forest
community concepts; vegetation concepts, ecological succession and
climax, primary productivity, nutrient cycling and water relations;
physiology in stress environments (drought, water logging salinity and
alkalinity). Forest types in India, identification of species,
composition and associations; dendrology, taxonomic classification,
principles and establishment of herbaria and arboreta. Conservation of
forest ecosystems. Clonal parks, Role of Ethnobotany in Indian Systems
of Medicine; Ayurveda and Unani - Introduction, nomenclature, habitat,
distribution and botanical features of medicinal and aromatic plants.
Factors affecting action and toxicity of drug plants and their chemical
constituents.
2. Forest Resources and Utilization :
Environmenatlly
sound forest harvesting practices; logging and extraction techniques
and principles, transportation system, storage and sale; Non-Timber
Forest Products (NTFPs) definition and scope; gums, resins, oleoresins,
fibres, oil seeds nuts, rubber, canes, bamboos, medicinal plants,
charcoal, lac and shellac, Katha and Bidi leaves, collection;
processing and disposal.
Need and
importance of wood seasoning and preservation; general principles of
seasoning, air and kiln seasoning, solar dehumidification, steam heated
and electrical kilns. Composite wood; adhesives-manufacture,
properties, uses, plywood manufacture-properties, uses, fibre
boards-manufacture properties, uses; particle boards manufacture;
properties uses. Present status of composite wood industry in India in
future expansion plans. Pulp-paper and rayon; present position of
supply of raw material to industry, wood substitution, utilization of
plantation wood; problems and possibilities.
Anatomical structure of wood, defects and abnormalities of wood, timber identification - general principles.
3. Forest Protection & Wildlife Biology :
Injuries
to forest - abiotic and biotic, destructive agencies, insect-pests and
disease, effects of air pollution on forests and forest die back.
Susceptibility of forests to damage, nature of damage, cause,
prevention, protective measures and benefits due to chemical and
biological control. General forest protection against fire, equipment
and methods, controlled use of fire, economic and environmental costs;
timber salvage operations after natural disasters. Role of
afforestation and forest regeneration in absorption of CO2. Rotational
and controlled grazing, different methods of control against grazing
and browsing animals; effect of wild animals on forest regeneration,
human impacts; encroachement, poaching, grazing, live fencing, theft,
shifting cultiation and control.
4. Forest Economics and Legislation :
Forest
economics�fundamental principles, cost-benefit analyses; estimation of
demand and supply; analysis of trends in the national and international
market and changes in production and consumption patterns; assessment
and projection of market structures; role of private sector and
co-operatives; role of corporate financing. Socio-economic analyses of
forest productivity and attitudes; valuation of forest goods and
service.
Legislation�History of forest
development; Indian Forest Policy of 1894, 1952 and 1990. National
Forest Policy, 1988 of People�s involvement, Joint Forest Management,
Involvement of women; Forestry Policies and issues related to land use,
timber and non-timber products, sustainable forest management;
industrialisation policies; institutional and structural changes.
Decentralization and Forestry Public Administration. Forest laws,
necessity; general principles, Indian Forest Act 1927; Forest
Conservation Act, 1980; Wildlife Protection Act 1972 and their
amendments; Application of Indian Penal Code to Forestry. Scope and
objectives of Forest Inventory.
Indian Forest Service Exam Syllabus 2009 - Geology
Geology Syllabus for Indian Forest Service Examination 2009
Paper I
Section-A
(i) General Geology
The
Solar System, meteorities, origin and interior of the earth.
Radioactivity and age of earth; Volcanoes- causes and products,
volcanic belts. Earthquakes-causes, effects, earthquake belts,
seismicity of India, intensity and magnitude, seismongraphs. Island
arcs, deep sea trenches and mid-ocean ridges. Continental
drift-evidences and mechanics; seafloor spreading, plate tectonics.
Isostasy, orogeny and epeirogeny. Continents and oceans.
(ii) Geomorphology and Remote Sensing
Basic
concepts of geomorphology. Weathering and mass wasting. Landforms,
slopes and drainage. Geomorphic cycles and their interpretation.
Morphology and its relation to structures and lithology. Applications
of geomorphology in mineral prospecting, civil engineering,. hydrology
and environmental studies. Geomorphology of Indian subcontinent.
Aerial
photographs and their interpretation-mertis and limitations. The
Electronmagnetic Spectrum. Orbiting satellites and sensor systems.
Indian Remote Sensing Sataellites. Satellites data products.
Applications of remote sensing in geology. The Geographic Information
System and its applications. Global Positioning System.
(iii) Structural geology
Priniples
of geologic mapping and map reading, projection diagrams, stress and
strain ellipsoid and stress-strain relationships of elastic, plastic
and viscous materials. Strain markers in deformed rocks. Behaviour of
minerals and rocks under deformation conditions. Folds and faults
classification and mechanics. Structural analysis of folds, foliations,
lineations, joints and faults, unconformities. Superposed deformation.
Time-relationship between crystallization and deformation. Introduction
to petrofabrics.
Section-B
(iv) Paleontology
Species-
definition and nomenclature. Megafossils and Microfossils. Modes of
preservation of fossils. Different kinds of microfossils. Application
of microfossils in correlation, petroleum exploration, paleoclimatic
and paleoceanographic studies. Morphology, geological history and
evolutionary trend in Cephalopoda, Trilobita, Brachiopoda, Echinoidea
and Anthozoa. Stratigraphic utility of Ammonoidea, Trilobita and
Graptoloidea. Evolutionary trend in Hominidae, Equidae and Proboscidae.
Siwalik fauna. Gondwana flora and its importance.
(v) Stratigraphy and Geology of India
Classification of stratigraphic sequences:
lithostratigraphic, biostratigraphic, chro-nostratigraphic and
magnetostratigraphic and their interrelationships. Distribution and
classification of Precambrian rocks of India. Study of stratigraphic
distribution and lithology of Phanerozoic rocks of India with reference
to fauna, flora and economic importance. Major boundary problems-
Cambrian/Precambrian, Permian/Triassic, Cretaceous/Tertiary and
Pliocene/Pleistocene. Study of climatic conditions, paleogeography and
igneous activity in the Indian subcontinent in the geological past.
Tectonic framework of India. Evolution of the Himalayas.
(vi) Hydrogeology and Engineering Geology :
Hydrologic cycle and genetic classification of water. Movement of
subsruface water. Springs. Porosity, permeability, hydraulic
conductivity, transmissivity and storage coefficient, classification of
aquifers. Water-bearing characteristics of rocks. Groundwater
chemistry. Salt water intrusion. Types of wells. Drainage basin
morphometry. Exploration for groundwater. Groundwater recharge.
Problems and management of groundwater. Rainwater harvesting.
Engineering properties of rocks. Geological investigations for dams,
tunnels and bridges. Rock as construction material. Alkali-aggregate
reaction. Landslides-causes, prevention and rehabilitation.
Earthquake-resistant structures.
Paper-II
Section-A
(i) Mineralogy
Classification
of crystals into systems and classes of symmetry. International system
of crystallographic notation. Use of projection diagrams to represent
crystal symmetry. Crystal defects. Elements of X-ray crystallography.
Petrological
microscope and accessories. Optical properties of common rock forming
minerals. Pleochroism, extinction angle, double refraction,
birefringence, twinning and dispersion in minerals.
Physical
and chemical characters of rock forming slilicate mineral groups.
Structural classification of silicates. Common minerals of igneous and
metamorphic rocks. Minerals of the carbonate, phosphate, sulphide and
halide groups.
(ii) Igneous ad Metamorphic Petrology
Generation
and crystallisation of magma. Crystallisation of albite-anorthite,
diopside-anorthite and diopside-wollastonite-silica systems. Reaction
principle., Magmatic differentation and assimilation. Petrogenetic
significance of the textures and structrues of igneous rocks.
Petrography and petrogenesis of granite, syenite, diorite, basic and
ultrabasic groups, charnockite, anorthosite and alkaline rocks.
Carbonatites. Deccan volcanic province.
Types
and agents of metamporphism. Metamporphic grdes and zones. Phase rule.
Facies of regional and contact metamorphism. ACF and AKF diagrams.
Textures and structures of metamporphic rocks. Metamorphism of
arenaceous, argillaceous and basic rocks. Minerals assemblages
Retrograde metamorphism. Metasomatism and granitisation, migmatites,
Granulite terrains of India.
(iii) Sedimentology
Sedimentary
rocks: Processes of formation. diagenesis and lithification. Properties
of sediments. Clastic and non-clastic rocks-their classification,
petrography and depositional environment. Sedimentary facies and
provenance. Sedimentary structures and their significance. Heavy
minerals and their significance. Sedminetary basins of India.
Section-B
(iv) Economic Geology
Ore,
ore minerals and gangue, tenor of ore, classification of ore deposits.
Process of formation of minerals deposits. Controls of ore
localisation. Ore textures and structures. Metallogenic epochs and
provinces. Geology of the important Indian deposits of aluminium,
chromium, copper, gold, iron, lead zinc, manganese, titanium, uranium
and thorium and industrial minerals. Deposits of coal and petroleum in
India. National Mineral Policy. Conservation and utilization of mineral
resources. Marine mineral resources and Law of Sea.
(v) Mining Geology
Methods
of prospecting-geological, geophysical, geochemical and geobotanical.
Techniques of sampling. Estimation of reserves or ore. Mehtods of
exploration and mining metallic ores, industrial minerals and marine
mineral resources. Mineral beneficiation and ore dressing.
(vi) Geochemistry and Environmental Geology
Cosmic
abundance of elements. Composition of the planets and meteorites.
Structure and compostion of earth and distribution of elements. Trace
elements. Elements of crystal chemistry-types of chemical bonds,
coordination number. Isolmorphism and polymorphism. Elementary
thermodynamics.
Natural hazards-floods,
landslides, coastal erosion, earthquakes and volcanic activity and
mitigation. Environmental impact of urbanization, open cast mining,
industrial and radioactive waste disposal, use of fertilizers, dumping
of mine waste and fly-ash. Pollution of ground and surface water,
marine pollution Environment protection-legislative measures in India.
Indian Forest Service Exam Syllabus 2009 - Mathematics
Paper-I
Section-A
Linear Algebra
Vector, space, linear dependance and independance, subspaces, bases, dimensions. Finite dimensional vector spaces.
Matrices,
Cayley-Hamiliton theorem, eigenvalues and eigenvectors, matrix of
linear transformation, row and column reduction, Echelon form,
eqivalence, congruences and similarity, reduction to cannonical form,
rank, orthogonal, symmetrical, skew symmetrical, unitary, hermitian,
skew-hermitian forms�their eigenvalues. Orthogonal and unitary
reduction of quadratic and hermitian forms, positive definite
quardratic forms.
Calculus
Real
numbers, limits, continuity, differerentiability, mean-value theorems,
Taylor's theorem with remainders, indeterminate forms, maximas and
minima, asyptotes. Functions of several variables: continuity,
differentiability, partial derivatives, maxima and minima, Lagrange's
method of multipliers, Jacobian. Riemann's definition of definite
integrals, indefinite integrals, infinite and improper intergrals, beta
and gamma functions. Double and triple integrals (evaluation techniques
only). Areas, surface and volumes, centre of gravity.
Analytic Geometry :
Cartesian
and polar coordinates in two and three dimesnions, second degree
equations in two and three dimensions, reduction to cannonical forms,
straight lines, shortest distance between two skew lines, plane,
sphere, cone, cylinder., paraboloid, ellipsoid, hyperboloid of one and
two sheets and their properties.
Section-B
Ordinary Differential Equations :
Formulation
of differential equations, order and degree, equations of first order
and first degree, integrating factor, equations of first order but not
of first degree, Clariaut's equation, singular solution.
Higher
order linear equations, with constant coefficients, complementary
function and particular integral, general solution, Euler-Cauchy
equation.
Second order linear equations
with variable coefficients, determination of complete solution when one
solution is known, method of variation of parameters.
Dynamics, Statics and Hydrostatics :
Degree
of freedom and constraints, rectilinerar motion, simple harmonic
motion, motion in a plane, projectiles, constrained motion, work and
energy, conservation of energy, motion under impulsive forces, Kepler's
laws, orbits under central forces, motion of varying mass, motion under
resistance.
Equilibrium of a system of
particles, work and potential energy, friction, common catenary,
principle of virtual work, stability of equilibrium, equilibrium of
forces in three dimensions.
Pressure of
heavy fluids, equilibrium of fluids under given system of forces
Bernoulli's equation, centre of pressure, thrust on curved surfaces,
equilibrium of floating bodies, stability of equilibrium, metacentre,
pressure of gases.
Vector Analysis :
Scalar
and vector fields, triple, products, differentiation of vector function
of a scalar variable, Gradient, divergence and curl in cartesian,
cylindrical and spherical coordinates and their physical
interpretations. Higher order derivatives, vector identities and vector
quations.
Application to Geometry: Curves
in space, curvature and torision. Serret-Frenet's formulae, Gauss and
Stokes' theorems, Green's identities.
Paper-II
Section-A
Algebra:
Groups,
subgroups, normal subgroups, homomorphism of groups quotient groups
basic isomorophism theorems, Sylow's group, permutation groups, Cayley
theorem. Rings and ideals, principal ideal domains, unique
factorization domains and Euclidean domains. Field extensions, finite
fields.
Real Analysis :
Real
number system, ordered sets, bounds, ordered field, real number system
as an ordered field with least upper bound property, cauchy sequence,
completeness, Continuity and uniform continuity of functions,
properties of continuous functions on compact sets. Riemann integral,
improper integrals, absolute and conditional convergence of series of
real and complex terms, rearrangement of series. Uniform convergence,
continuity, differentiability and integrability for sequences and
series of functions. Differentiation of fuctions of several variables,
change in the order of partial derivatives, implict function theorem,
maxima and minima. Multiple integrals.
Complex Analysis :
Analytic function, Cauchy-Riemann equations, Cauchy's theorem, Cauchy's
integral formula, power series, Taylor's series, Laurent's Series,
Singularities, Cauchy's residue theorem, contour integration. Conformal
mapping, bilinear transformations.
Linear Programming :
Linear
programming problems, basic solution, basic feasible solution and
optimal solution, graphical method and Simplex method of solutions.
Duality.
Transportation and assignment problems. Travelling salesman problmes.
Section-B
Partial differential equations:
Curves
and surfaces in three dimesnions, formulation of partial differential
equations, solutions of equations of type dx/p=dy/q=dz/r; orthogonal
trajectories, pfaffian differential equations; partial differential
equations of the first order, solution by Cauchy's method of
characteristics; Charpit's method of solutions, linear partial
differential equations of the second order with constant coefficients,
equations of vibrating string, heat equation, laplace equation.
Numerical Analysis and Computer programming:
Numerical methods:
Solution of algebraic and transcendental equations of one variable by
bisection, Regula-Falsi and Newton-Raphson methods, solution of system
of linear equations by Gaussian elimination and Gauss-Jordan (direct)
methods, Gauss-Seidel(iterative) method. Newton's (Forward and
backward) and Lagrange's method of interpolation.
Numerical integration: Simpson's one-third rule, tranpezodial rule, Gaussian quardrature formula.
Numerical solution of ordinary differential equations: Euler and Runge Kutta-methods.
Computer Programming:
Storage of numbers in Computers, bits, bytes and words, binary system.
arithmetic and logical operations on numbers. Bitwise operations. AND,
OR , XOR, NOT, and shift/rotate operators. Octal and Hexadecimal
Systems. Conversion to and form decimal Systems.
Representation of unsigned integers, signed integers and reals, double precision reals and long integrers.
Algorithms and flow charts for solving numerical analysis problems.
Developing simple programs in Basic for problems involving techniques covered in the numerical analysis.
Mechanics and Fluid Dynamics :
Generalised
coordinates, constraints, holonomic and non-holonomic , systems. D'
Alembert's principle and Lagrange' equations, Hamilton equations,
moment of intertia, motion of rigid bodies in two dimensions.
Equation
of continuity, Euler's equation of motion for inviscid flow,
stream-lines, path of a particle, potential flow, two-dimensional and
axisymetric motion, sources and sinks, vortex motion, flow past a
cylinder and a sphere, method of images. Navier-Stokes equation for a
viscous fluid.
Indian Forest Service Exam Syllabus 2009 - Mechanical Engineering
Mechanical Engineering Syllabus for Indian Forest Service Examination 2009
Paper I
1. Theory of Machines
Kinematic
and dynamic analysis of planar mechanisms. Cams, Gears and gear trains,
Flywheels, Governors, Balancing of rigid rotors, Balancing of single
and multicylinder engines, Linear vibration analysis of mechnical
systems (single degree and two degrees of freedom), Critical speeds and
whirling of shafts, Automatic Controls, Belts and chain drives.
Hydrodynamic bearings.
2. Mechanics of Solids :
Stress
and strain in two dimensions. Principal stresses and strains, Mohr�s
construction, linear elastic materials, isotropy and an isotropy,
Stress-strain relations, unlaxial loading, thermal stresses. Beams :
Banding moment and shear force diagrams, bending stresses and
deflection of beams, Shear stress distribution. Torsion of shafts,
helical springs. Combined stresses, Thick and thin walled pressure
vessels. Struls and columns, Strain energy concepts and theories of
failure. Rotation discs. Shrink fits.
3. Enginerring Materials :
Basic
concepts on structure of solids, Crystalline materials, Defects in
crystalline materials, Alloys and binary phase diagrams, structure and
properties of common engineering materials. Heat treatment of steels.
Plastics, Ceramics and composite Materials, common applications of
various materials.
4. Manufacturing Science :
Marchant�s
force analysis, Taylor�s tool life equation, machinability and
machining economics, Rigid, small and flexible automation, NC, CNC.
Recent machining methods- EDM, ECM and ultrasonics. Application of
lasers and plasmas, analysis of forming processes. High energy rate
forming. Jigs, fixtures, tools and gauges, Inspection of length,
position, profile and surface finish.
5. Manufacturing management :
Production
Planning and Control, Forecasting-Moving average, exponential
smoothing, Operations sheduling; assembly line balancing. Product
development. Breakeven analysis, Capacity planning. PERT and CPM.
Control
Operations : Inventory control-ABC analysis. EOQ model. Materials
requirement planning. Job design, Job standards, work measurement,
Quality management-Quality control. Operations Research : Linear
programming-Graphical and Simplex methods. Transportation and
assignment models. Single server queuing model.
Value Engineering : Value analysis, for cost/value. Total quality management and forecasting techniques. Project management.
6. ELEMENTS OF COMPUTATION :
Computer
Organisation, Flow charting. Features of Common Computer
Languages-FORTRAN d Base III, Lotus 1-2-3 C and elementary programming.
PAPER-II
1. THERMODYNAMICS :
Basic
concept. Open and closed systems, Applications of Thermodynamic Laws,
Gas equations, Clapeyron equation, Availability, Irreversibility and
Tds relations.
2. I.C. Engines, Fuels and Combustion :
Spark
lgnition and compression ignition engines, Four stroke engine and Two
stroke engines, mechanical, thermal and volumetric efficiency, Heat
balance.
Combustion process in S.I. and
C.I. engines, preignition detonation in S.I. engine Diesel knock in
C.I. engine. Choice of engine fuels, Octance and Cetane retings.
Alternate fuels Carburration and Fuel injection, Engine emissions and
control. Solid, liquid and gaseous fuels, stoichometric air
requirements and excess air factor, fuel gas analysis, higher and lower
calorific values and their measurements.
Physics Syllabus for Indian Forest Service Examination 2009
Paper I
Section-A
1. Classical Mechanics
(a) Particle dynamics
Centre
of mass and laboratory coordinates, conservation of linear and angular
momentum. The rocket equation. Rutherford scattering, Galilean
transformation, intertial and non-inertial frames, rotating frames,
centrifugal and Coriolis forces, Foucault pendulum.
(b) System of particles
Constraints,
degrees of freedom, generalised coordinates and momenta. Lagrange's
equation and applications to linear harmonic oscillator, simple
pendulum and central force problems. Cyclic coordinates, Hamilitonian
Lagrange's equation from Hamilton's principle.
(c) Rigid body dynamics
Eulerian
angles, inertia tensor, principal moments of inertia. Euler's equation
of motion of a rigid body, force-free motion of a rigid body. Gyroscope.
2. Special Relativity, Waves & Geometrical Optics
(a) Special Relativity
Michelson-Morley
experiment and its implications. Lorentz transformations-length
contraction, time dilation, addition of velocities, aberration and
Doppler effect, mass-energy relation, simple applications to a decay
process. Minkowski diagram, four dimensional momentum vector.
Covariance of equations of physics.
(b) Waves
Simple
harmonic motion, damped oscillation, forced oscillation and resonance.
Beats. Stationary waves in a string. Pulses and wave packets. Phase and
group velocities. Reflection and Refraction from Huygens' principle.
(c) Geometrical Optics
Laws
of relfection and refraction from Fermat's principle. Matrix method in
paraxial optic-thin lens formula, nodal planes, system of two thin
lenses, chromatic and spherical aberrations.
3. Physical Optics
(a) Interference
Interference
of light-Young's experiment, Newton's rings, interference by thin
films, Michelson interferometer. Multiple beam interference and
Fabry-Perot interferometer. Holography and simple applications.
(b) Diffraction
Fraunhofer
diffraction-single slit, double slit, diffraction grating, resolving
power. Fresnel diffraction: - half-period zones and zones plates.
Fresnel integrals. Application of Cornu's spiral to the analysis of
diffraction at a straight edge and by a long narrow slit. Diffraction
by a circular aperture and the Airy pattern.
(c) Polarisation and Modern Optics
Production
and detection of linearly and circularly polarised light. Double
refraction, quarter wave plate. Optical activity. Principles of fibre
optics attenuation; pulse dispersion in step index and parabolic index
fibres; material dispersion, single mode fibres. Lasers-Einstein A and
B coefficients. Ruby and He-Ne lasers. Characteristics of laser
light-spatial and temporal coherence. Focussing of laser beams.
Three-level scheme for laser operation.
Section-B
4. Electricity and Magnetism
(a) Electrostatics and Magnetostatics
Laplace
ad Poisson equations in electrostatics and their applications. Energy
of a system of charges, multipole expansion of scalar potential. Method
of images and its applications. Potential and field due to a dipole,
force and torque on a dipole in an external field. Dielectrics,
polarisation. Solutions to bounary-value problems-conducting and
dielectric spheres in a uniform electric field. Magentic shell,
uniformly magnetised sphere. Ferromagnetic materials, hysteresis,
energy loss.
(b) Current Electricity
Kirchhoff's
laws and their applications. Biot-Savart law, Ampere's law, Faraday's
law, Lenz' law. Self-and mutual-inductances. Mean and rms values in AC
circuits. LR CR and LCR circuits- series and parallel resonance.
Quality factor. Principal of transformer.
5. Electromagnetic Theory & Black Body Radiation
(a) Electromagnetic Theory
Displacement
current and Maxwell's equatons. Wave equations in vacuum, Poynting
theorem. Vector and scalar potentials. Gauge invariance, Lorentz and
Coulomb gauges. Electromagnetic field tensor, covariance of Maxwell's
equations. Wave equations in isotropic dielectrics, reflection and
refraction at the boundary of two dielectrics. Fresnel's relations.
Normal and anomalous dispersion. Rayleigh scattering.
(b) Blackbody radiation
Balckbody
radiation ad Planck radiation law- Stefan-Boltzmann law, Wien
displacement law and Rayleigh-Jeans law. Planck mass, Planck length,
Planck time,. Planck temperature and Planck energy.
6. Thermal and Statistical Physics
(a) Thremodynamics
Laws
of thermodynamics, reversible and irreversible processes, entropy.
Isothermal, adiabatic, isobaric, isochoric processes and entropy
change. Otto and Diesel engines, Gibbs' phase rule and chemical
potential. van der Waals equation of state of a real gas, critical
constants. Maxwell-Boltzman distribution of molecular velocities,
transport phenomena, equipartition and virial theorems. Dulong-Petit,
Einstein, and Debye's theories of specific heat of solids. Maxwell
lllrelations and applications. Clausius- Clapeyron equation. Adiabatic
demagnetisation, Joule-Kelvin effect and liquefaction of gases.
(b) Statistical Physics
Saha
ionization formula. Bose-Einstein condenssation. Thermodynamic
behaviour of an ideal Fermi gas, Chandrasekhar limit, elementary ideas
about neutron stars and pulsars. Brownian motion as a random walk,
diffusion process. Concept of negative temperatures.
Paper-II
Section-A
1. Quantum Mechanics I
Wave-particle
dualitiy. Schroedinger equation and expectation values. Uncertainty
principle. Solutions of the one-dimensional Schroedinger equation free
particle (Gaussian wave-packet), particle in a box, particle in a
finite well, linear harmonic oscillator. Reflection and transmission by
a potential step and by a rectangular barrier. Use of WKB formula for
the life-time calcuation in the alpha-decay problem.
2. Quantum Mechanics II & Atomic Physics
(a) Quantum Mechanics II
Particle
in a three dimensional box, density of states, free electron theory of
metals. The angular meomentum problem. The hydrogen atom. The spin half
problem and properties of Pauli spin matrices.
(b) Atomic Physics
Stern-Gerlack
experiment, electron spin, fine structure of hydrogen atom. L-S
coupling, J-J coupling. Spectroscopic notation of atomic states. Zeeman
effect. Frank-Condon principle and applications.
3. Molecular Physics
Elementary
theory of rotational, vibratonal and electronic spectra of diatomic
molecules. Raman effect and molecular structure. Laser Raman
spectroscopy Importance of neutral hydrogen atom, molecular hydrogen
and molecular hydrogen ion in astronomy Fluorescence and
Phosphorescence. Elementary theory and applications of NMR. Elementary
ideas about Lamb shift and its significance.
Section-B
4. Nuclear Physics
Basic
nuclear properties-size, binding energy, angular momentum, parity,
magnetic moment. Semi-empirical mass formula and applications. Mass
parabolas. Ground state of a deuteron magnetic moment and non-central
forces. Meson theory of nuclear forces. Salient features of nuclear
forces. Shell model of the nucleus-success and limitations. Violation
of parity in beta decay. Gamma decay and internal conversion.
Elementary ideas about Mossbauer spectroscopy. Q-value of nuclear
reactions. Nuclear fission and fusion, energy production in stars.
Nuclear reactors.
5. Particle Physics & Solid State Physics
(a) Particle Physics
Classification
of elementary particles and their interactions. Conservation laws.
Quark structure of hadrons. Field quanta of electroweak and strong
interactions. Elementary ideas about Unification of Forces. Physics of
neutrinos.
(b) Solid State Physics
Cubic
crystal structure. Band theory of solids- conductors, insulators and
semiconductors. Elements of superconductivity, Meissner effect,
Josephson junctions and applications. Elementary ideas about high
temperature superconductivity.
6. Electronics
Intrinsic
and extrinsic semiconductors-p-n-p and n-p-n transistors.Amplifiers and
oscillators. Op-amps. FET, JFET and MOSFET. Digital electronics-Boolean
identities, De; Morgan's laws, Logic gates and truth tables., Simple
logic circuits. Thermistors, solar cells. Fundamentals of
microprocessors and digital computers.
3. HEAT TRANSFER, REFRIGERATION AND AIR CONDITIONING :
One
and two dimensional heat conduction. Heat transfer from extended
surfaces, heat transfer by forced and free convection. Heat exchangers.
Fundamentals for diffusive and connective mass transfer, Radiation
laws, heat exchange between black and non balck surfaces, Network
Analysis. Heat pump refrigeration cycles and systems, Condensers,
evaporators and expansion devices and controls. Properties and choice
of refrigerant, Refrigeration Systems and components, psychometrics,
comfort indices, cooling loading calculations, solar refrigeration.
4. TURBO-MACHINES AND POWER PLANTS:
Continuity,
momentum and Energy Equations. Adiabatic and Isentropic flow, fanno
lines, Raylegh lines. Theory and design of axial flow turbines and
compressors, Flow through turbo-machine balde, cascades, centrifugal
compressor. Dimensional analysis and modelling. Selection of site for
steam, hydro, nuclear and stand-by power plants, selection base and
peak load power plants Modern High pressure, High duty boilers, Draft
and dust removal equipment, Fuel and cooling water systems, heat
balance, station and palnt heat rates, operation and maintenance of
various power plants, preventive maintenance, economics of power
generation.
Indian Forest Service Exam Syllabus 2009 - Statistics
Paper-I
Probability:
Sample
space and events, probability measure and probability space, random
variable as a measurable function, distribution function of a random
variable, discrete and continuous-type random variable probability mass
function, probability density function, vector-valued random variable,
marginal and conditional distributions, stochastic independence of
events and of random variables, expectation and moments of a random
variable, conditional expectation, convergence of a sequence of random
variable in distribution, in probability, in p-th mean and almost
everywhere, their criteria and inter-relations, Borel-Cantelli lemma,
Chebyshev�s and Khinchine�s weak laws of large numbers, strong law of
large numbers and kolmogorov�s theorems, Glivenko-Cantelli theorem,
probability generating function, characteristic function, inversion
theorem, Laplace transform, related uniqueness and continuity theorems,
determination of distribution by its moments. Linderberg and Levy forms
of central limit theorem, standard discrete and continuous probability
distributions, their inter-relations and limiting cases, simple
properties of finite Markov chains.
Statistical Inference
Consistency,
unbiasedness, efficiency, sufficiency, minimal sufficiency,
completeness, ancillary statistic, factorization theorem, exponential
family of distribution and its properties, uniformly minimum variance
unbiased (UMVU) estimation, Rao-Blackwell and Lehmann-Scheffe theorems,
Cramer-Rao inequality for single and several-parameter family of
distributions, minimum variance bound estimator and its properties,
modifications and extensions of Cramer-Rao inequality, Chapman-Robbins
inequality, Bhattacharyya�s bounds, estimation by methods of moments,
maximum likelihood, least squares, minimum chi-square and modified
minimum chi-square, properties of maximum likelihood and other
estimators, idea of asymptotic efficiency, idea of prior and posterior
distributions, Bayes estimators.
Non-randomised
and randomised tests, critical function, MP tests, Neyman-Pearson
lemma, UMP tests, monotone likelihood ratio, generalised Neyman-Pearson
lemma, similar and unbiased tests, UMPU tests for single and
several-parameter families of distributions, likelihood rotates and its
large sample properties, chi-square goodness of fit test and its
asymptotic distribution.
Confidence bounds and its relation with tests, uniformly most accurate (UMA) and UMA unbiased confidence bounds.
Kolmogorov�s
test for goodness of fit and its consistency, sign test and its
optimality. wilcoxon signed-ranks test and its consistency,
Kolmogorov-Smirnov two-sample test, run test, Wilcoxon-Mann-Whiltney
test and median test, their consistency and asymptotic normality.
Wald�s SPRT and its properties, OC and ASN functions, Wald�s fundamental identity, sequential estimation.
Linear Inference and Multivariate Analysis
Linear
statistical modesl, theory of least squares and analysis of variance,
Gauss-Markoff theory, normal equations, least squares estimates and
their precision, test of signficance and interval estimates based on
least squares theory in one-way, two-way and three-way classified data,
regression analysis, linear regression, curvilinear regression and
orthogonal polynomials, multiple regression, multiple and partial
correlations, regression diagnostics and sensitivity analysis,
calibration problems, estimation of variance and covariance components,
MINQUE theory, multivariate normal distributin, Mahalanobis;� D2 and
Hotelling�s T2 statistics and their applications and properties,
discriminant analysis, canonical correlations, one-way MANOVA,
principal component analysis, elements of factor analysis.
Sampling Theory and Design of Experiments
An
outline of fixed-population and super-population approaches,
distinctive features of finite population sampling, probability
sampling designs, simple random sampling with and without replacement,
stratified random sampling, systematic sampling and its efficacy for
structural populations, cluster sampling, two-stage and multi-stage
sampling, ratio and regression, methods of estimation involving one or
more auxiliary variables, two-phase sampling, probability proportional
to size sampling with and without replacement, the Hansen-Hurwitz and
the Horvitz-Thompson estimators, non-negative variance estimation with
reference to the Horvitz-Thompson estimator, non-sampling errors,
Warner�s randomised response technique for sensitive characteristics.
Fixed
effects model (two-way classification) random and mixed effects models
(two-way classification per cell), CRD, RBD, LSD and their analyses,
incomplete block designs, concepts of orthogonality and balance, BIBD,
missing plot technique, factorial designs : 2n, 32 and 33, confounding
in factorial experiments, split-plot and simple lattice designs.
Paper-II
I. Industrial Statistics
Process
and product control, general theory of control charts, different types
of control charts for variables and attributes, X, R, s, p, np and c
charts, cumulative sum chart, V-mask, single, double, multiple and
sequential sampling plans for attributes, OC, ASN, AOQ and ATI curves,
concepts of producer�s and consumer�s risks, AQL, LTPD and AOQL,
sampling plans for variables, use of Dodge-Romig and Military Standard
tables.
Concepts of reliability,
maintainability and availability, reliability of series and parallel
systems and other simple configurations, renewal density and renewal
function, survival models (exponential), Weibull, lognormal, Rayleigh,
and bath-tub), different types of redundancy and use of redundancy in
reliability improvement, problems in life-testing, censored and
truncated experiments for exponential models.
II. Optimization Techniques
Different,
types of models in Operational Research, their construction and general
methods of solution, simulation and Monte-Carlo methods, the structure
and formulation of linear programming (LP) problem, simple LP model and
its graphical solution, the simplex procedure, the two-phase method and
the M-technique with artificial variables, the duality theory of LP and
its economic interpretation, sensitivity analysis, transportation and
assignment problems, rectangular games, two-person zero-sum games,
methods of solution (graphical and algerbraic).
Replacement
of failing or deteriorating items, group and individual replacement
policies, concept of scientific inventory management and analytical
structure of inventory problems, simple models with deterministic and
stochastic demand with and without lead time, storage models with
particular reference to dam type.
Homogeneous
discrete-time Markov chains, transition probability matrix,
classification of states and ergodic theorems, homogeneous
continous-time Markov chains, Poisson process, elements of queueing
theory, M/M/1, M/M/K, G/M/1 and M/G/1 queues.
Solution of statistical problems on computers using well known statistical software packages like SPSS.
III. Quantitative Economics and Official Statistics
Determination
of trend, seasonal and cyclical components, Box-Jenkins method, tests
for stationery of series, ARIMA models and determination of orders of
autoregressive and moving average components, forecasting.
Commonly
used index numbers-Laspeyre's, Paashe's and Fisher's ideal index
numbers, chain-base index number uses and limitations of index numbers,
index number of wholesale prices, consumer price index number, index
numbers of agricultural and industrial production, tests, for mdex
numbers lve proportonality test, time-reversal test, factor-reversal
test, circular test and dimensional invariance test.
General
linear model, ordinary least squares and generalised least squires
methods of estimation, problem of multicollineaity, consequences and
solutions of multicollinearity, autocorrelation and its consequeces,
heteroscedasticity of disturbances and its testing, test for independe
of disturbances, Zellner's seemingly unrelated regression equation
model and its estimation, concept of structure and model for
simulaneous equations, problem of identification-rank and order
conditions of identifiability, two-stage least squares method of
estimation.
Present official statistical
system in India relating to population, agriculture, industrial
production, trade and prices, methods of collection of official
statistics, their reliability and limitation and the principal
publications containing such statistics, various official agencies
responsible for data collection and their main functions.
IV. Demography and Psychometry
Demographic
data from census, registration, NSS and other surveys, and their
limitation and uses, definition, construction and uses of vital rates
and ratios, measures of fertility, reproduction rates, morbidity rate,
standardized death rate, complete and abridged life tables,
construction of life tables from vital statistics and census returns,
uses of life tables, logistic and other population growth curves,
fitting a logistic curve, population projection, stable population
theory, uses of stable population and quasi-stable population
techniques in estimation of demographic parameters, morbidity and its
measurement, standard classification by cause of death, health surveys
and use of hospital statistics.
Methods
of standardisation of scales and tests, Z-scores, standard scores,
T-scores, percentile scores, intelligence quotient and its measurement
and uses, validity of test scores and its determination, use of factor
analysis and path analysis in psychometry.
Indian Forest Service Exam Syllabus 2009 - Zoology
Paper-1
Section-A
1. Non-chordata and chordata :
Classfication
and relationship of varous phyla upto sub-classes; Acoelomata and
Coelomata; Protostomes and Deuterostomes, Bilateralia and Radiata;
Status of Protista, Parazoa, Onychophora and Hemichordata; Symmetry.
Protozoa
: Locomotion, nutrition, reproduction; evolution of sex; General
features and life history of Paramaecium, Monocystis, Plasmodium, and
Leishmania.
Porifera : Skeleton, canal system and reproduction.
Coelenterata
: Polymorphism, defensive structures and their mechanism; coral reefs
and their formation; metagenesis; general features and life history of
Obelia and Aurelia.
Platyhelminthes : Parasitic adaptation; general features and life history of Fasciola and Taenia and their relation to man.
Nemathelminthes : General features, life history and parasitic adaptation of Ascaris; nemathelminths in relation to man.
Annelida
: Coelom and metamerism; modes of life in polychaetes; general features
and life history of nereis (Neanthes), earthworm (Pheretima) and leach
(Hirudinaria).
Arthropoda :
Larval forms and parasitism in Crustacea; vision and respiration in
arthropods (prawn, cockroach and scorpion); modification of mouth parts
in insects (cockroach, mosquito, housefly, honey bee and butterfly);
metamorphosis in insects and its hormonal regulation; social
organization in insects (termites and honey bees).
Mollusca
: Feeding, respiration, locomotion, shell diversiy; general features
and life history of Lamellidens, Pila and Sepia, torsion and detorsion
in gastropods.
Echinodermata : Feeding, respiration, locomotion larval forms; general features and life history of Asterias.
Protochordata : Origin of chordates; general features and life history of Branchiostoma and Herdamania.
Pisces : Scales, respiration, locomotion, migration.
Amphibia : Origin of tetrapods; parental care, paedomorphosis.
Reptilia : Origin of reptiles; skull types; status of Sphenodon and crocidiles.
Aves : Origin of birds; flight adaptation, migration.
Mammalia
: Origin of mammals; denitition; general features of egg-laying
mammals, pouched-mammals, aquatic mammals and primates; endocrine
glands and other hormone producing structures (pituitary, thyroid,
parathyroid, adrenal, pancreas, gonads) and their interrelationships.
Comparative
functional anatomy of various systems of vertebrates (integument and
its derivatives, endoskeleton, locomotory organs, digestive system,
respiratory system, circulatory system including heart and aortic
arches; urino-genital system, brain and sense organs (eye and ear).
Section- B
1. Ecology :
Biosphere: Biogeochemical cycles, green-houses effect, ozone layer and its impact; ecological succession, biomes and ecotones.
Population, characteristics, population dynamics, population stabilization.
Conservation
of natural resources- mineral mining, fisheries, aquaculture; forestry;
grassland; wildlife (Project Tiger); susainable production in
agriculture-integrated pest management.
Environmental biodegradation; pollution and its impact on biosphere and its prevention.
II. Ethology :
Behaviour : Sensory filtering, responsiveness, sign stimuli, learning, instinct, habituation, conditioning, imprinting.
Role
of hormones in drive; role of pheromones in alarm spreading; crypsis,
predator detection, predator tactics, social behaviour in insects and
primates; courtship (Drosophila, 3-spine stickleback and birds).
Orientation, navigation, homing; biological rhythms; biological clock, tidal, seasonal and circadian rhythms.
Methods of studying animal behaviour.
III. Economic Zoology :
Apiculture, sericulture, lac culture, carp culture, pearl culture, prawn culture.
Major
infectious and communicable diseases (small pox, plague, malaria,
tuberculosis, cholera and AIDS) their vectors, pathogens and prevention.
Cattle and livestock diseases, their pathogens (helminths) and vectors (ticks, mites,Tabanus, Stomoxys)
Pests of sugar cane (Pyrilla perpusiella), oil seed (Achaea janata) and rice (Sitophilus oryzae).
IV. Biostatistics :
Designing
of experiments; null hypothesis; correlation, regression, distribution
and measure of central tendency, chi square, student t-test, F-test
(one-way & two-way F-test).
V. Instrumental methods :
Spectrophotometry, flame photometry, Geiger-Muller counter, scintiliation counting.
Electron microscopy (TEM, SEM).
Paper-II
Section-A
I. Cell Biology :
Structure
and function of cell andits organelles(nucleus, plasma membrane,
mitochondria, Golgi bodies, endoplasmic reticulum, ribosomes and
Iysosomes), cell division (mitosis and meiosis), mitotic spindle and
mitotic apparatus, chromosome movement.
Watson-Crick model of DNA, replication of DNA, protein synthesis, transcription and transcription factors.
II. Genetics
Gene structure and functions; genetic code.
Sex chromosomes and sex determination in Drosophilla, nematodes and man.
Mendel's laws of inheritance, recombination, linkage, linkage-maps, multiple alleles, cistron concept; genetics of blood groups.
Mutations and mutagenesis : radiation and chemical.
Cloning
technology, plasmids and cosmids as vectors, transgenics, transposons,
DNA sequence cloning and whole animal cloning (Principles and
methodology).
Regulation and gene expression in pro-and eu-karyotes.
Signal transduction; pedigree-analysis; congenital diseases in man.
Human genome mapping; DNA finger-printing.
III. Evolution
Origin of life
Natural selection, role of mutation in evolution, mimicry, variation, isolation, speciation.
Fossils and fossilization; evolution of horse, elephant and man.
Hardy-Weinberg Law, causes of change in gene frequency.
Continental drift and distribution of animals.
IV. Systematics
Section-B
I. Biochemistry
Structure
and role of carbohydrates, fats, lipids, proteins, aminoacids, nucleic
acids; saturated and unsaturated fattyacids, cholesterol.
Glycolysis
and Krebs cycle, oxidation and reduction, oxidative phosphorylation;
energy conservation and release, ATP, cyclic AMP-its structure and role.
Hormone classification (steroid and peptide hormones), biosynthesis and function.
Enzymes : types and mechanisms of action; immunoglobulin and immunity; vitamins and co-enzymes.
Bioenergetics.
II Physiology (with special refernece ot mammals)
Composition
and constitutents of blood; blood groups and Rh factor in man;
coagulation, factors and mechanism of coagulation; acid-base balance,
thermo regulation.
Oxygen and carbon dioxide transport; haemoglobin : constitutents and role in regulation.
Nutritive requirements; role of salivary glands, liver, pancreas and intestinal glands in digestion and absorption.
Excretory products; nephron and regulation of urine formation; osmoregulation.
Types of muscles, mechanism of contraction of skeletal muscles.
Neuron, nerve impulse-its conduction and synaptic transmission; neurotransmitters.
Vision, hearing and olfaction in man.
Mechanism of hormone action.
Physiology of reproduction, role of hormones and phermones.
III. Developmental Biology
Differentiation
from gamete to neurula stage; dedifferentiation; metaplasia, induction,
morphogenesis and morphogen; fate maps of gastrulae in frog and chick;
organogenesis of eye and heart, placenation in mammals.
Role
of cytoplasm in and genetic control of development; cell lineage;
causation of metamorphosis in frog and insects; paedogenesia and
neoteny; growth, degrowth and cell death; ageing; blastogenesis;
regeneration; teratogenesis; neoplasia.
Invasiveness of placenta; in vitro fertilization; embryo transfer, cloning.
Baer's law; evo-devo concept.
