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Unit testing is the art and practice of taking a small portion of code, a unit, and subjecting it to programmatic tests to prove its correctness. The smallest units in PHP code are usually functions, and the unit tests will run the functions with sets of controlled parameters, and then make assertions about the return values of the function, or about the state of the application before and after the function has run. For example, if the function is designed to validate email addresses, the unit tests would pass in known valid email addresses and assert that they validate correctly. The tests would also pass in a number of invalid email addresses as well and assert that they do not validate.
