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National Institute of Cholera & Enteric Diseases, Kolkata
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Since time immemorial, eastern India, notably the Gangetic delta is considered the "homeland" of cholera and a focal point of many of the epidemics and most of the pandemics. After the discovery of the causative organism Vibrio cholerae in 1883 by Robert Koch, the interest in cholera was revived in 1950s with the classical studies on the pathophysiology of the disease by Gangarosa, De and others motivating the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) to establish "Cholera Research Center" at Calcutta in 1962 to suggest remedial and preventive measures. The Center initiated a number of clinical trials for evaluation of newer therapeutic methods, two cholera vaccine field trials in collaboration with World Health Organization (WHO), Geneva, cholera carriers, serological and chemoprophylaxis studies. The Center was given the status "International Reference Center for Vibrio Phage Typing" by the WHO in 1968 and later on designated as the "WHO Collaborative Center for Reference and Research on Vibrios" in 1978.
